Efficacy of influenza vaccine in adults. Systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62486/agmu202334Keywords:
Aged, Adults, Influenza Vaccines, Vaccine EfficacyAbstract
This study addresses the challenges and advances in the vaccination of older adults in a context of global population aging, evaluating its effectiveness in the prevention of serious infectious diseases. Immunosenescence and comorbidities in this population may affect the response to vaccines, decreasing their efficacy. Through a systematic review, we analyzed recent studies evaluating various vaccine formulations and strategies such as high doses, natural adjuvants (e.g., probiotics and nondigestible polysaccharides), and vaccine coadministration to optimize immunogenicity in the elderly. The results show that high-dose quadrivalent vaccines (QIV-HD) and formulations with natural adjuvants improve immune response and reduce hospitalizations compared to standard doses. Coadministration of vaccines, such as influenza and COVID-19, is a safe practice that does not compromise the efficacy of each vaccine and facilitates vaccination in this high-risk population. The findings support the use of tailored vaccination strategies and underscore the need for additional studies to establish evidence-based recommendations for immunization in older adults.
References
Organización Mundioal de la Salud. Envejecimiento. Organ Mundioal Salud 2024. https://www.who.int/es/health-topics/ageing (accedido 1 de noviembre de 2024).
Organización Mundioal de la Salud. WHO: Number of people over 60 years set to double by 2050; major societal changes required. Organ Mundioal Salud 2015. https://www.who.int/news/item/30-09-2015-who-number-of-people-over-60-years-set-to-double-by-2050-major-societal-changes-required (accedido 1 de noviembre de 2024).
King JC. Influenza vaccines. Pediatr Ann 2000;29:692-7. https://doi.org/10.3928/0090-4481-20001101-09. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/0090-4481-20001101-09
Youhanna J, Tran V, Hyer R, Domnich A. Immunogenicity of Enhanced Influenza Vaccines Against Mismatched Influenza Strains in Older Adults: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024;18:e13286. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13286
Rivetti D, Jefferson T, Thomas R, Rudin M, Rivetti A, Di Pietrantonj C, et al. Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006:CD004876. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004876.pub2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004876.pub2
Comber L, O Murchu E, Jordan K, Hawkshaw S, Marshall L, O’Neill M, et al. Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of high-dose seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in individuals ≥18 years of age. Rev Med Virol 2023;33:e2330. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2330
Addario A, Célarier T, Bongue B, Barth N, Gavazzi G, Botelho-Nevers E. Impact of influenza, herpes zoster, and pneumococcal vaccinations on the incidence of cardiovascular events in subjects aged over 65 years: a systematic review. GeroScience 2023;45:3419-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-023-00807-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-023-00807-4
Fiore AE, Bridges CB, Cox NJ. Seasonal influenza vaccines. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2009;333:43-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92165-3_3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92165-3_3
Jefferson T, Di Pietrantonj C, Al-Ansary LA, Ferroni E, Thorning S, Thomas RE. Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010:CD004876. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004876.pub3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004876.pub3
Osterholm MT, Kelley NS, Sommer A, Belongia EA. Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2012;12:36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70295-X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70295-X
Kim Y-H, Hong K-J, Kim H, Nam J-H. Influenza vaccines: Past, present, and future. Rev Med Virol 2022;32:e2243. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2243
Domnich A, de Waure C. Comparative effectiveness of adjuvanted versus high-dose seasonal influenza vaccines for older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis IJID Off Publ Int Soc Infect Dis 2022;122:855-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.048. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.048
Tanner AR, Dorey RB, Brendish NJ, Clark TW. Influenza vaccination: protecting the most vulnerable. Eur Respir Rev Off J Eur Respir Soc 2021;30:200258. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0258-2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0258-2020
Lee JKH, Lam GKL, Shin T, Samson SI, Greenberg DP, Chit A. Efficacy and effectiveness of high-dose influenza vaccine in older adults by circulating strain and antigenic match: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2021;39 Suppl 1:A24-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.004
Curran D, Matthews S, Cabrera ES, Pérez SN, Breva LP, Rämet M, et al. The respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein vaccine attenuates the severity of respiratory syncytial virus-associated disease in breakthrough infections in adults ≥60 years of age. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024;18:e13236. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13236
Ison MG, Papi A, Athan E, Feldman RG, Langley JM, Lee D-G, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Prefusion F Protein Vaccine (RSVPreF3 OA) in Older Adults Over 2 RSV Seasons. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am 2024;78:1732-44. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae010
Toback S, Galiza E, Cosgrove C, Galloway J, Goodman AL, Swift PA, et al. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) co-administered with seasonal influenza vaccines: an exploratory substudy of a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir Med 2022;10:167-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00409-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.09.21258556
Shimada K, Morinaga H, Kiyanagi T, Miyazaki T, Nishitani-Yokoyama M, Okai I, et al. Safety and Efficacy of Simultaneous Inoculations of Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccines in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021;28:826-34. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.58297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.58297
Gögenur M, Balsevicius L, Bulut M, Colak N, Justesen TF, Fiehn A-MK, et al. Neoadjuvant intratumoral influenza vaccine treatment in patients with proficient mismatch repair colorectal cancer leads to increased tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells and upregulation of PD-L1: a phase 1/2 clinical trial. J Immunother Cancer 2023;11:e006774. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-006774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-006774
Johansen ND, Modin D, Skaarup KG, Nealon J, Samson S, Dufournet M, et al. Effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine against recurrent hospitalizations and mortality in relation to influenza circulation: A post-hoc analysis of the DANFLU-1 randomized clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024;30:1453-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2024.01.017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2024.01.017
Hadigal S, Colombo L, Haughie S. Reply letter to «Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine compared with a standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine in healthy people aged 60 years or older: a randomized Phase III trial». Hum Vaccines Immunother 2022;18:2085470. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2022.2085470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2022.2085470
Leroux-Roels I, Waerlop G, Tourneur J, De Boever F, Maes C, Bruhwyler J, et al. Randomized, Double-Blind, Reference-Controlled, Phase 2a Study Evaluating the Immunogenicity and Safety of OVX836, A Nucleoprotein-Based Influenza Vaccine. Front Immunol 2022;13:852904. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.852904. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.852904
Alvarez FP, Chevalier P, Borms M, Bricout H, Marques C, Soininen A, et al. Cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination with a high dose quadrivalent vaccine of the elderly population in Belgium, Finland, and Portugal. J Med Econ 2023;26:710-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2023.2194193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2023.2194193
Shimizu S, Tanaka R, Itoh E, Maekawa-Matsuura M, Iwase Y. Performance and usability evaluation of novel intradermal injection device ImmuciseTM and reanalysis of intradermal administration trials of influenza vaccine for the elderly. Vaccine 2022;40:873-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.061. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.061
Christensen J, Johansen ND, Janstrup KH, Modin D, Skaarup KG, Nealon J, et al. Time of day for vaccination, outcomes, and relative effectiveness of high-dose vs. standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine: A post hoc analysis of the DANFLU-1 randomized clinical trial. J Infect 2024;89:106276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106276
Wall N, Godlee A, Geh D, Jones C, Faustini S, Harvey R, et al. Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection and Previous Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccination Predict Poor Vaccine Responses in Older Adults, Independent of Chronic Kidney Disease. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am 2021;73:e880-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab078. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab078
Uthoff SAK, Zinkevich A, Franiel D, Below M, Splieth H, Iwen J, et al. A complex intervention on vaccination uptake among older adults (≥ 60 years) in Germany - a study protocol with a mixed methods design. BMC Prim Care 2023;24:148. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-023-02101-w. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-023-02101-w
Eto T, Okubo Y, Momose A, Tamura H, Zheng R, Callendret B, et al. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity of Single Vaccination of Ad26.RSV.preF-Based Regimen in Japanese Adults Aged 60 Years and Older. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024;18:e13336. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13336
Tuthill CW, Awad A, Parrigon M, Ershler WB. A pilot trial of Thymalfasin (Ta1) to prevent covid-19 infection and morbidities in renal dialysis patients: Preliminary report. Int Immunopharmacol 2023;117:109950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109950. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109950
Yu L, Han Y, Zhang Z. Research on h-index Optimization Considering the Amount of Papers ———hq2-index; [考虑载文量影响的 h 指数优化研究———hq2 指数]. J Mod Inf 2020;40:114-21. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1008-0821.2020.02.013.
Sandionigi A, De Giani A, Tursi F, Michelotti A, Cestone E, Giardina S, et al. Effectiveness of Multistrain Probiotic Formulation on Common Infectious Disease Symptoms and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Flu-Vaccinated Healthy Elderly Subjects. BioMed Res Int 2022;2022:3860896. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3860896. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3860896
Laue C, Stevens Y, van Erp M, Papazova E, Soeth E, Pannenbeckers A, et al. Adjuvant Effect of Orally Applied Preparations Containing Non-Digestible Polysaccharides on Influenza Vaccination in Healthy Seniors: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Pilot Trial. Nutrients 2021;13:2683. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082683
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Yasmin González (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
